{"id":5436,"date":"2025-06-24T09:49:44","date_gmt":"2025-06-24T01:49:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ots-testequipment.net\/?p=5436"},"modified":"2025-07-01T16:15:24","modified_gmt":"2025-07-01T08:15:24","slug":"%ce%b4%ce%bf%ce%ba%ce%b9%ce%bc%ce%ae-%ce%b5%cf%86%ce%b5%ce%bb%ce%ba%cf%85%cf%83%ce%bc%ce%bf%cf%8d-%ce%ad%ce%bd%ce%b1%ce%bd%cf%84%ce%b9-%ce%b4%ce%bf%ce%ba%ce%b9%ce%bc%ce%ae%cf%82-%cf%83%cf%85%ce%bc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ots-testequipment.net\/el\/blog\/tensile-test-vs-compression-test\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0394\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03b5\u03c6\u03b5\u03bb\u03ba\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2: 8 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2!"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_88 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">\u03a0\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03c7\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"\u0395\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ae \u03c0\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03c7\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">\u0395\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ae<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseprofile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/ots-testequipment.net\/el\/blog\/tensile-test-vs-compression-test\/#Basic_Rundown_of_Tensile_Compression_Test\" >\u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b5\u03bb\u03ba\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/ots-testequipment.net\/el\/blog\/tensile-test-vs-compression-test\/#Differences_Between_Tensile_Test_Compression_Test\" >\u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b5\u03bb\u03ba\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/ots-testequipment.net\/el\/blog\/tensile-test-vs-compression-test\/#1-_Direction_of_Applied_Force\" >1- \u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b6\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/ots-testequipment.net\/el\/blog\/tensile-test-vs-compression-test\/#2-_Type_of_Stress_Produced\" >2- \u03a4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/ots-testequipment.net\/el\/blog\/tensile-test-vs-compression-test\/#3-_Equipment_Setup\" >3- \u0395\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03be\u03bf\u03c0\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/ots-testequipment.net\/el\/blog\/tensile-test-vs-compression-test\/#4-_Deformation_Behavior\" >4- \u03a3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03cc\u03c1\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/ots-testequipment.net\/el\/blog\/tensile-test-vs-compression-test\/#5-_Material_Properties_Measured\" >5- \u0399\u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/ots-testequipment.net\/el\/blog\/tensile-test-vs-compression-test\/#6-_Commonly_Tested_Materials\" >6- \u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1\u03b6\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/ots-testequipment.net\/el\/blog\/tensile-test-vs-compression-test\/#7-_Presence_of_Necking\" >7- \u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03bb\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/ots-testequipment.net\/el\/blog\/tensile-test-vs-compression-test\/#8-_Cost_and_Complexity_of_Test_Setup\" >8- \u039a\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/ots-testequipment.net\/el\/blog\/tensile-test-vs-compression-test\/#Frequently_Asked_Questions\" >\u03a3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/ots-testequipment.net\/el\/blog\/tensile-test-vs-compression-test\/#Conclusion\" >\u03a3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u039f\u03b9 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b5\u03bb\u03ba\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd. \u039c\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b2\u03bf\u03b7\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac. \u0398\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b6\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03b5\u03c6\u03b5\u03bb\u03ba\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd. \u03a9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf, \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0397 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03b5\u03c6\u03b5\u03bb\u03ba\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03c1\u03ac\u03b2\u03b7\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1. \u0397 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c4\u03ae\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5. \u039f\u03b9 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd.  \u03a3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03ac\u03c1\u03b8\u03c1\u03bf, \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03c1\u03b8\u03ce \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b5\u03bb\u03ba\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Basic_Rundown_of_Tensile_Compression_Test\"><\/span><b>\u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b5\u03bb\u03ba\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-5441\" src=\"https:\/\/ots-testequipment.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Basic-Rundown-of-Tensile-Compression-Test-300x225.webp\" alt=\"\u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b5\u03bb\u03ba\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ots-testequipment.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Basic-Rundown-of-Tensile-Compression-Test-300x225.webp 300w, https:\/\/ots-testequipment.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Basic-Rundown-of-Tensile-Compression-Test-768x576.webp 768w, https:\/\/ots-testequipment.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Basic-Rundown-of-Tensile-Compression-Test-16x12.webp 16w, https:\/\/ots-testequipment.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Basic-Rundown-of-Tensile-Compression-Test.webp 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u039f\u03b9 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b5\u03bb\u03ba\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03ac\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf \u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc. \u0395\u03ba\u03b8\u03ad\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03b1 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ae \u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2. \u03a9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf, \u03b7 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03b5\u03c6\u03b5\u03bb\u03ba\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c1\u03ac\u03b2\u03b7\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd. \u0395\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03be\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03c9\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1. \u0391\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03ac, \u03b7 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u03a3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae, \u03c4\u03bf \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7 \u03ae \u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7. \u0395\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03b2\u03ac\u03b5\u03b9, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9, \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b9\u03ad\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b9\u03ad\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9. \u0395\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c6\u03b5\u03c1\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03bf \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b4\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ae \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03ba\u03c5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03ae<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u03a3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u03a3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03bb\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b8\u03bb\u03af\u03c8\u03b7<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0397 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03ba\u03c5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03b4\u03ae\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd. \u03a4\u03bf \u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b2\u03bf\u03b7\u03b8\u03ac \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1. \u0397 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b8\u03bb\u03af\u03c8\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03be\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c0\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9. \u039f\u03b9 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b2\u03bf\u03b7\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd, \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03be\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9 \u03c0\u03b9\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u03a4\u03bf<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/ots-testequipment.net\/el\/tensile-tester\/\"> <b>\u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b5\u03bb\u03ba\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd<\/b><\/a> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u039f\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bb\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b9\u03ad\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc, \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b1. \u03a3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac, \u03bf \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 (\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03ac\u03bd\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1) \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7 (\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7). \u039f \u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd. \u039f \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2-\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03cc\u03c1\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2. \u039c\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bb\u03ad\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c0\u03ac\u03b5\u03b9. \u039f \u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u039f\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03b4\u03ae\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ca\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd. \u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1, \u03b7 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b3\u03ad\u03c6\u03c5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03c4\u03af\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1. \u039f\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b5\u03ac\u03bd \u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03ba\u03c5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7, \u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b8\u03bb\u03af\u03c8\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ac\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Differences_Between_Tensile_Test_Compression_Test\"><\/span><b>\u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b5\u03bb\u03ba\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u03a4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b5\u03bb\u03ba\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b2\u03bf\u03b7\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2. \u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c6\u03b5\u03c1\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd. \u039c\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf, \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b8\u03ad\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7, \u03b7 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2. \u03a9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf, \u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b5\u03bb\u03ba\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2. \u0391\u03c2 \u03b2\u03bf\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae\u03be\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b6\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1-_Direction_of_Applied_Force\"><\/span><b>1- \u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b6\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u039f\u03b9 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b5\u03bb\u03ba\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b8\u03bb\u03af\u03c8\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b6\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2. \u0397 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03b5\u03c6\u03b5\u03bb\u03ba\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03ad\u03be\u03c9. \u0391\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03ac, \u03b7 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1. \u038c\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5, \u03bf \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b5\u03bb\u03ba\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03b2\u03ac\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03ac\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1. \u0397 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03ad\u03be\u03c9. \u0397 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03cc\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1 \u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1. \u0395\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03cc\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5. \u0388\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9, \u03b7 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03cc\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2-_Type_of_Stress_Produced\"><\/span><b>2- \u03a4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-5443\" src=\"https:\/\/ots-testequipment.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Type-of-Stress-Produced-300x225.webp\" alt=\"\u03a4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ots-testequipment.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Type-of-Stress-Produced-300x225.webp 300w, https:\/\/ots-testequipment.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Type-of-Stress-Produced-768x576.webp 768w, https:\/\/ots-testequipment.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Type-of-Stress-Produced-16x12.webp 16w, https:\/\/ots-testequipment.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Type-of-Stress-Produced.webp 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u039f\u03b9 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b5\u03bb\u03ba\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b8\u03bb\u03af\u03c8\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c9\u03c0\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd. \u0397 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03b5\u03c6\u03b5\u03bb\u03ba\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03b5\u03c6\u03b5\u03bb\u03ba\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2. \u0391\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03ac, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b8\u03ad\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b8\u03bb\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7. \u03a0\u03c1\u03cc\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0397 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b5\u03bb\u03ba\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5. \u039c\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ac \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b9\u03b1, \u03b7 \u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7\u03ba\u03cd\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc. \u03a4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf. \u0397 \u03b8\u03bb\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c9\u03b8\u03b5\u03af, \u03c0\u03b9\u03ad\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc. \u03a4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b8\u03bb\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ae \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3-_Equipment_Setup\"><\/span><b>3- \u0395\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03be\u03bf\u03c0\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0397 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03b5\u03c6\u03b5\u03bb\u03ba\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03b3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/ots-testequipment.net\/el\/%cf%80%cf%81%ce%bf%cf%8a%cf%8c%ce%bd\/%ce%ba%ce%b1%ce%b8%ce%bf%ce%bb%ce%b9%ce%ba%ce%ae-%ce%bc%ce%b7%cf%87%ce%b1%ce%bd%ce%ae-%ce%b4%ce%bf%ce%ba%ce%b9%ce%bc%cf%8e%ce%bd\/\"> <b>\u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (UTM). \u0388\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03bb\u03b1\u03b2\u03ad\u03c2. \u03a4\u03bf \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ae \u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03bb\u03b1\u03b2\u03ce\u03bd. \u039f\u03b9 \u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7. \u039a\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03bb\u03b1\u03b2\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03af\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03cc\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7. \u03a3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1, \u03bf \u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u03a4\u03bf \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03ac\u03bd\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2-\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03cc\u03c1\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03c4\u03bf \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf. \u039c\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03be\u03b5\u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac. \u0391\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03ac, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b8\u03ad\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bb\u03ac\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2. \u03a4\u03bf \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03af\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03ac\u03bd\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd. \u039f\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bb\u03ac\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b9\u03ad\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4-_Deformation_Behavior\"><\/span><b>4- \u03a3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03cc\u03c1\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-5442\" src=\"https:\/\/ots-testequipment.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Deformation-Behavior-300x225.webp\" alt=\"\u03a3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03cc\u03c1\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2\" width=\"499\" height=\"374\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ots-testequipment.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Deformation-Behavior-300x225.webp 300w, https:\/\/ots-testequipment.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Deformation-Behavior-768x576.webp 768w, https:\/\/ots-testequipment.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Deformation-Behavior-16x12.webp 16w, https:\/\/ots-testequipment.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Deformation-Behavior.webp 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 499px) 100vw, 499px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u038c\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03b5\u03c6\u03b5\u03bb\u03ba\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03c4\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03cc\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7. \u0395\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03c2, \u03c4\u03bf \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9. \u0398\u03b1 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03bb\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2. \u0398\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03be\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c5\u03c6\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u03a3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf, \u03c4\u03bf \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b8\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2. \u0386\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bb\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc. \u0397 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03cc\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd. \u03a9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1, \u03c4\u03bf \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03b3\u03b5\u03b8\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03c9\u03b8\u03b5\u03af. \u0395\u03ac\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf, \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c0\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b8\u03c1\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5-_Material_Properties_Measured\"><\/span><b>5- \u0399\u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u038c\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b2\u03bf\u03b7\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2. \u03a9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf, \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac. \u0397 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03b5\u03c6\u03b5\u03bb\u03ba\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03ae<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u03a3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u03a3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03bb\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03ba\u03c5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7 (\u039f\u03bb\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b5\u03bb\u03ba\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc (UTS)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 Young's Modulus (\u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u038c\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03ac\u03bd\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd. \u0391\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03ac, \u03b7 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ce\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7, \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7. \u0391\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b8\u03bb\u03af\u03c8\u03b7<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u038c\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b8\u03bb\u03af\u03c8\u03b7<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03cc\u03c1\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7, \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 &amp; \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b8\u03bb\u03b9\u03c8\u03b7<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 Young (\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u039d\u03b1 \u03b8\u03c5\u03bc\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03b8\u03bb\u03af\u03c8\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ad\u03bd\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac. \u03a4\u03bf \u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03c9\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1. \u039f\u03bc\u03bf\u03af\u03c9\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b8\u03bb\u03af\u03c8\u03b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ae \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03b5\u03af \u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03cd\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"6-_Commonly_Tested_Materials\"><\/span><b>6- \u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1\u03b6\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u039a\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd. \u0397 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03b5\u03c6\u03b5\u03bb\u03ba\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c1\u03c1\u03b5\u03c0\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03ba\u03c5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7. \u039c\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7, \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03b3\u03b5\u03b8\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2. \u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03ad\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c9\u03bd \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2, \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c4\u03c3\u03bf\u03cd\u03ba \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1, \u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03b1\u03b4\u03ae \u03bf \u03c7\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03b2\u03b1\u03c2. \u0391\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03ac, \u03b7 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03ad\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1, \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c0\u03ac\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7. \u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03ad\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c9\u03bd \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03cc\u03b4\u03b5\u03bc\u03b1, \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03b2\u03bb\u03b1, \u03c4\u03bf \u03be\u03cd\u03bb\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7\u03ba\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7. \u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1, \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03af\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c0\u03ac\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b2\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"7-_Presence_of_Necking\"><\/span><b>7- \u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03bb\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0397 \u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b5\u03bb\u03ba\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd. \u038c\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5, \u03c4\u03b1 \u03cc\u03bb\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ad\u03bb\u03be\u03b7, \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7\u03ba\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9. \u0395\u03ac\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03b2\u03ac\u03c4\u03b5, \u03c4\u03bf \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c6\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b5\u03bb\u03ba\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc. \u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf, \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd. \u039f\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bc\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03c0\u03b1. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03bc\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03bb\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03cc \u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03b2\u03ac\u03c4\u03b5.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bc\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2. \u0393\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03c4\u03bf \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03c0\u03ac\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bc\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 (\u03bb\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2). \u03a3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03c4\u03bf \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c5\u03c6\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7, \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bb\u03be\u03b7. \u0388\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9, \u03c9\u03b8\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bb\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bf \u03bb\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03cc\u03bb\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"8-_Cost_and_Complexity_of_Test_Setup\"><\/span><b>8- \u039a\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0397 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03b5\u03c6\u03b5\u03bb\u03ba\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03b4\u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c1\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b7 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae. \u039f \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b5\u03bb\u03ba\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ad\u03c2. \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03bf\u03bd, \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bb\u03b1\u03b2\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1. \u039a\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03ac\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/ots-testequipment.net\/el\/blog\/%cf%84%ce%b9-%ce%b5%ce%af%ce%bd%ce%b1%ce%b9-%ce%b7-%ce%b1%ce%bd%cf%84%ce%bf%cf%87%ce%ae-%cf%83%ce%b5-%ce%b5%cf%86%ce%b5%ce%bb%ce%ba%cf%85%cf%83%ce%bc%cf%8c-%ce%ba%ce%b1%ce%b9-%cf%80%cf%8e%cf%82-%ce%bc\/\"> <b>\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b5\u03bb\u03ba\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0395\u03ac\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd, \u03b7 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1.  \u039f \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b5\u03bb\u03ba\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03ba\u03c5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd. \u038c\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03b5\u03c6\u03b5\u03bb\u03ba\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bb\u03b9\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0391\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03ac, \u03b7 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ae. \u03a4\u03bf \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03ac\u03bd\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b8\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03ac\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2. \u03a4\u03bf \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd. \u03a3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bb\u03ac\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b9\u03ad\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc \u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7. \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03bf\u03bd, \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c6\u03b8\u03b7\u03bd\u03ac, \u03b3\u03b5\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Frequently_Asked_Questions\"><\/span><b>\u03a3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b>\u039f \u03b5\u03c6\u03b5\u03bb\u03ba\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7;<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u038c\u03c7\u03b9. \u039f \u03b5\u03c6\u03b5\u03bb\u03ba\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd. \u0397 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03b5\u03c6\u03b5\u03bb\u03ba\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7. \u0397 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ae \u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b9\u03ad\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b>\u03a0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b5\u03bb\u03ba\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b8\u03bb\u03af\u03c8\u03b7;<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0397 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b5\u03bb\u03ba\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 (\u03ad\u03bb\u03be\u03b7) \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03be\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc. \u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bf, \u03c4\u03bf \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1. \u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1, \u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b8\u03bb\u03af\u03c8\u03b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ce\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ae \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03be\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc. \u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b8\u03bb\u03af\u03c8\u03b7, \u03c4\u03bf \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c0\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b>\u039c\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03bf \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03ac\u03bd\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b5\u03bb\u03ba\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2;<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u039d\u03b1\u03b9, \u03b7 \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 (UTM) \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b8\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03bb\u03b1\u03b2\u03ad\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bb\u03ac\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2. \u039f\u03b9 \u03bb\u03b1\u03b2\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b2\u03bf\u03b7\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03c6\u03b5\u03bb\u03ba\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd. \u0391\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03ac, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bb\u03ac\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b2\u03bf\u03b7\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2. \u03a0\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1, \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03b6\u03cc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span><b>\u03a3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u03a4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b5\u03bb\u03ba\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b5\u03c2. \u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd. \u03a9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf, \u03b7 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03af\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03b6\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bb\u03ae\u03c8\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u039d\u03b1 \u03b8\u03c5\u03bc\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03cd \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5. \u03a3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03ac\u03c1\u03b8\u03c1\u03bf, \u03ad\u03c7\u03c9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b6\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bf\u03ba\u03c4\u03ce \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd. \u039d\u03b1 \u03b8\u03c5\u03bc\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b5\u03bb\u03ba\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03ac\u03b2\u03b7\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd. \u0397 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ac\u03c3\u03ba\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc \u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7.<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u039f\u03b9 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b5\u03bb\u03ba\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd. \u039c\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b2\u03bf\u03b7\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac. \u0398\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b6\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03b5\u03c6\u03b5\u03bb\u03ba\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd. \u03a9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf, \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2.    \u0397 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03b5\u03c6\u03b5\u03bb\u03ba\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 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